GMR21CTaxonomy & Navigation
PRIMARY NAVIGATION
DEFENSE TAXONOMY HUBS
21st-Century Military Index
GROUND DOMINANCE VECTORHEAVY ARMOR & ARTILLERY FIRES

Ground Dominance

Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), IFVs & APCs, Precision Rocket Artillery & Air Defense

Top 5 Ground Dominance Capability Pentagon

Protection & Armor • Firepower & Gun • Mobility & Range • Digitization & BMS • Active Protection (APS)
TOP 5 CONTENDERS
Multi-dimensional sub-scores normalized on a 0-100 tactical scale evaluated by the GMR Multi-Domain Scoring Engine.

Top Ground Dominance Contenders

#1🇨🇳
Type 99AChina • NORINCO
Gen4+96.3
#2🇩🇪
Leopard 2A7Germany • Rheinmetall AG / KNDS
Gen4+96.2
#3🇯🇵
Type 10Japan • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Defense)
Gen4+95.0
#4🇺🇸
M1A2 AbramsUnited States • General Dynamics Land Systems
Gen4+94.9
#5🇩🇪
Puma IFVGermany • Rheinmetall AG / KNDS
Gen594.3
Hardware-Dominant Kill-Chain WeightingReal-Time Fleet Overmatch
Type 99A
#1
🇨🇳

Type 99A

Gen4+tanksNORINCO
China• Introduced: 2011
Ground Dominance Index96.3
Fielded Operators:🇨🇳CN650
Main Armament125mm ZPT-98 smoothbore gun with carousel autoloader
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity80 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor99.3
Firepower & Gun93.0
Mobility & Range94.8
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
Leopard 2A7
#2
🇩🇪

Leopard 2A7

Gen4+tanksRheinmetall AG / KNDS
Germany• Introduced: 201419 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index96.2
Main ArmamentRheinmetall 120mm L55 smoothbore gun firing programmable DM11 munitions
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity72 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor100.0
Firepower & Gun97.0
Mobility & Range86.5
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
Type 10
#3
🇯🇵
Japan• Introduced: 2012
Ground Dominance Index95.0
Fielded Operators:🇯🇵JP117
Main ArmamentJapan Steel Works 120mm L44 smoothbore gun with automatic loader
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity70 km/h
Operational Range440 km
Protection & Armor98.8
Firepower & Gun94.0
Mobility & Range89.6
Digitization & BMS96.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
M1A2 Abrams
#4
🇺🇸

M1A2 Abrams

Gen4+tanksGeneral Dynamics Land Systems
United States• Introduced: 19927 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index94.9
Main Armament120mm M256 smoothbore gun (44 calibers)
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity67 km/h
Operational Range426 km
Protection & Armor98.0
Firepower & Gun96.0
Mobility & Range83.0
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
Puma IFV
#5
🇩🇪

Puma IFV

Gen5ifvRheinmetall AG / KNDS
Germany• Introduced: 2015
Ground Dominance Index94.3
Fielded Operators:🇩🇪DE350
Main ArmamentRheinmetall 30mm MK30-2/ABM autocannon firing programmable airburst ammunition
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity70 km/h
Operational Range600 km
Protection & Armor95.0
Firepower & Gun92.0
Mobility & Range90.0
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
CV90
#6
🇸🇪
Sweden• Introduced: 19939 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index94.0
Main ArmamentBofors 40mm autocannon or Bushmaster III 35/50mm chain gun
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity70 km/h
Operational Range900 km
Protection & Armor92.0
Firepower & Gun93.0
Mobility & Range91.5
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
T-90M
#7
🇷🇺
Russia• Introduced: 20172 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index94.0
Fielded Operators:🇷🇺RU200🇮🇳IN400
Main Armament125mm 2A46M-5 / 2A82-1M smoothbore gun
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range550 km
Protection & Armor99.3
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range85.5
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
Boxer MRAV
#8
🇩🇪

Boxer MRAV

Gen5apcRheinmetall AG / KNDS
Germany• Introduced: 20115 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index93.8
Main ArmamentFLW 200 remote weapon station with M2HB .50 cal or HK GMG 40mm grenade launcher (or Lance 30mm turret on Boxer CRV)
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity103 km/h
Operational Range1050 km
Protection & Armor95.0
Firepower & Gun90.5
Mobility & Range89.2
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
Skyranger 30
#9
🇩🇪

Skyranger 30

Gen5air-defenseRheinmetall AG
Germany• Introduced: 20244 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index64.9
Main ArmamentOerlikon 30mm KCE revolver autocannon (1200 rpm) firing Ahead programmable airburst tungsten pellets
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity100 km/h
Operational Range800 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Patriot PAC-3 MSE
#10
🇺🇸

Patriot PAC-3 MSE

Gen5iamdRTX Corporation / Lockheed Martin
United States• Introduced: 201616 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index87.9
Main ArmamentHit-to-kill kinetic warhead with ACM attitude control pulse motors
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity6125 km/h
Operational Range120 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
BMP-3
#11
🇷🇺
Russia• Introduced: 198712 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index89.8
Main Armament2A70 100mm rifled low-pressure gun/missile launcher
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity70 km/h
Operational Range600 km
Protection & Armor76.0
Firepower & Gun92.0
Mobility & Range92.2
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
M2 Bradley
#12
🇺🇸

M2 Bradley

Gen4ifvBAE Systems
United States• Introduced: 19814 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index89.7
Main ArmamentM242 25mm Bushmaster chain gun (200 rpm)
APS DefenseHard-Kill APS Equipped
Max Velocity66 km/h
Operational Range480 km
Protection & Armor87.0
Firepower & Gun88.0
Mobility & Range79.6
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)95.0
S-500 Prometheus
#13
🇷🇺

S-500 Prometheus

Gen5iamdAlmaz-Antey
Russia• Introduced: 2021
Ground Dominance Index94.5
Fielded Operators:🇷🇺RU2
Main Armament77N6-N / 77N6-N1 hit-to-kill hypersonic interceptors
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity19600 km/h
Operational Range600 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Arrow 3
#14
🇮🇱
Israel• Introduced: 20172 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index96.0
Fielded Operators:🇮🇱IL8🇩🇪DE3
Main ArmamentKinetic Warhead Hit-to-kill Dual Seeker exo-atmospheric kill vehicle
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity11025 km/h
Operational Range2400 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Stryker ICV
#15
🇺🇸
United States• Introduced: 20024 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index85.7
Main ArmamentProtector M151 Remote Weapon Station with M2 .50 cal or Mk 19 40mm AGL (or 30mm XM813 on Stryker Dragoon)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity100 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor95.0
Firepower & Gun90.5
Mobility & Range87.3
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
S-400 Triumf
#16
🇷🇺

S-400 Triumf

Gen4+iamdAlmaz-Antey
Russia• Introduced: 20075 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index89.0
Main Armament40N6 ultra-long-range SAM and 48N6DM long-range interceptor missiles
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity5880 km/h
Operational Range400 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Challenger 2
#17
🇬🇧

Challenger 2

Gen4tanksBAE Systems
United Kingdom• Introduced: 19983 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index84.7
Main Armament120mm L30A1 rifled tank gun
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity59 km/h
Operational Range450 km
Protection & Armor100.0
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range69.4
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
David's Sling
#18
🇮🇱

David's Sling

Gen5iamdRafael Advanced Defense Systems
Israel• Introduced: 20172 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index90.7
Fielded Operators:🇮🇱IL6🇫🇮FI2
Main ArmamentStunner dual-mode seeker hit-to-kill kinetic interceptor
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity9187 km/h
Operational Range300 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
K9 Thunder
#19
🇰🇷

K9 Thunder

Gen4+artilleryHanwha Aerospace
South Korea• Introduced: 19999 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index84.3
Main ArmamentCN98 155mm 52-caliber howitzer with automated ammunition handling and 48-round magazine (burst fire 3 rounds in 15 sec)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity67 km/h
Operational Range480 km
Protection & Armor84.0
Firepower & Gun96.0
Mobility & Range81.9
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
SAMP/T NG
#20
🇫🇷

SAMP/T NG

Gen5iamdMBDA / Thales Group
France• Introduced: 20253 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index79.3
Main ArmamentAster 30 Block 1NT hit-to-kill interceptor with PIF-PAF lateral thrusters
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity5512 km/h
Operational Range150 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Iron Dome
#21
🇮🇱
Israel• Introduced: 20113 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index74.8
Main ArmamentTamir interceptor missile with optical and proximity radar fusing
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity2695 km/h
Operational Range70 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
PzH 2000
#22
🇩🇪

PzH 2000

Gen4+artilleryKNDS / Rheinmetall AG
Germany• Introduced: 19989 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index82.8
Main ArmamentRheinmetall 155mm L52 chrome-plated howitzer with 60-round fully automated magazine (MRSI 5 rounds)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity67 km/h
Operational Range420 km
Protection & Armor82.0
Firepower & Gun97.0
Mobility & Range73.9
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
T-72B3
#23
🇷🇺
Russia• Introduced: 20133 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index82.6
Fielded Operators:🇷🇺RU1100🏳️BY24
Main Armament125mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore gun with 2E42-4 digital stabilizer
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity60 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor82.3
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range85.0
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
Type 05 SPH
#24
🇨🇳

Type 05 SPH

Gen4artilleryNORINCO
China• Introduced: 2007
Ground Dominance Index80.9
Fielded Operators:🇨🇳CN450
Main Armament155mm 52-caliber long-barrel howitzer with automated ammunition handling
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range550 km
Protection & Armor72.0
Firepower & Gun93.0
Mobility & Range84.5
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
PLZ-05
#25
🇨🇳

PLZ-05

Gen4artilleryNORINCO
China• Introduced: 2005
Ground Dominance Index80.7
Fielded Operators:🇨🇳CN450
Main Armament155mm 52-caliber howitzer with automated loading mechanism
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range550 km
Protection & Armor72.0
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range84.5
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
M270 MLRS
#26
🇺🇸

M270 MLRS

Gen4rocket-artilleryLockheed Martin
United States• Introduced: 198315 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index80.6
Main Armament2x 6-rocket pods (12x 227mm rockets or 2x MGM-140 ATACMS / 4x PrSM)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity64 km/h
Operational Range480 km
Protection & Armor74.0
Firepower & Gun96.0
Mobility & Range79.1
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
HIMARS
#27
🇺🇸

HIMARS

Gen4+rocket-artilleryLockheed Martin
United States• Introduced: 200512 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index80.2
Main ArmamentM142 launcher carrying 1x 6-round GMLRS pod or 1x ATACMS or 2x PrSM missiles
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity85 km/h
Operational Range480 km
Protection & Armor68.0
Firepower & Gun97.2
Mobility & Range84.0
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
KORKUT
#28
🇹🇷

KORKUT

Gen4+air-defenseAselsan
Turkey• Introduced: 2018
Ground Dominance Index64.2
Fielded Operators:🇹🇷TR42
Main ArmamentTwin-barrel 35mm KDC-02 autocannon (1100 rpm) firing ATOM 35mm programmable airburst ammunition
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range450 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
Type 89 IFV
#29
🇯🇵
Japan• Introduced: 1989
Ground Dominance Index79.4
Fielded Operators:🇯🇵JP68
Main ArmamentOerlikon Contraves 35mm KDE dual-feed autocannon
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity70 km/h
Operational Range400 km
Protection & Armor78.0
Firepower & Gun86.0
Mobility & Range81.1
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
M109A7 Paladin
#30
🇺🇸

M109A7 Paladin

Gen4+artilleryBAE Systems
United States• Introduced: 20132 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index79.4
Fielded Operators:🇺🇸US400🇸🇦SA150
Main ArmamentM284 155mm 39-caliber howitzer with automated rammer
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity64 km/h
Operational Range400 km
Protection & Armor75.0
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range70.6
Digitization & BMS100.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
Type 08 IFV
#31
🇨🇳

Type 08 IFV

Gen4ifvNORINCO
China• Introduced: 20084 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index78.7
Main ArmamentZPT-99 30mm autocannon (derivative of 2A72)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity100 km/h
Operational Range800 km
Protection & Armor75.0
Firepower & Gun80.0
Mobility & Range91.0
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
Pantsir-S1
#32
🇷🇺

Pantsir-S1

Gen4air-defenseKBP Instrument Design Bureau / Rostec
Russia• Introduced: 200815 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index62.1
Main Armament12x 57E6 radio command-guided two-stage surface-to-air missiles
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity90 km/h
Operational Range800 km
Protection & ArmorNaN
Firepower & Gun0.0
Mobility & Range0.0
Digitization & BMS0.0
Active Protection (APS)0.0
2S19 Msta-S
#33
🇷🇺

2S19 Msta-S

Gen3artilleryUraltransmash / Rostec
Russia• Introduced: 19896 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index69.6
Main Armament2A64 152mm 47-caliber howitzer with automatic loading system
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity60 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor68.0
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range78.3
Digitization & BMS85.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
BM-30 Smerch
#34
🇷🇺

BM-30 Smerch

Gen3rocket-artilleryNPO Splav / Rostec
Russia• Introduced: 198714 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index65.0
Main Armament12x 300mm rocket launcher tubes on MAZ-543M 8x8 heavy chassis
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity60 km/h
Operational Range850 km
Protection & Armor55.0
Firepower & Gun94.0
Mobility & Range66.4
Digitization & BMS85.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
T-72B (1985)
#35
🏳️

T-72B (1985)

Gen3tanksUralvagonzavod
Soviet Union• Introduced: 198520 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index64.4
Fielded Operators:🇷🇺RU800🇺🇦UA200
Main Armament125mm 2A46M smoothbore gun
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity60 km/h
Operational Range460 km
Protection & Armor75.0
Firepower & Gun78.8
Mobility & Range74.9
Digitization & BMS65.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
BMP-2
#36
🇷🇺
Russia• Introduced: 198030 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index63.4
Main Armament2A42 30mm dual-feed autocannon (high rate of fire 550 rpm)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range600 km
Protection & Armor58.0
Firepower & Gun83.5
Mobility & Range81.7
Digitization & BMS72.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
M777 Howitzer
#37
🇺🇸

M777 Howitzer

Gen4towed-artilleryBAE Systems
United States• Introduced: 20056 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index58.5
Main Armament155mm 39-caliber lightweight titanium howitzer
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range450 km
Protection & Armor25.0
Firepower & Gun92.3
Mobility & Range66.3
Digitization & BMS95.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
Type 89 IFV
#38
🇨🇳

Type 89 IFV

LegacyifvNorinco
China• Introduced: 1989
Ground Dominance Index56.8
Main Armament25mm autocannon
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range500 km
Protection & Armor55.0
Firepower & Gun65.0
Mobility & Range80.6
Digitization & BMS65.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
D-30 Howitzer
#39
🏳️

D-30 Howitzer

Legacytowed-artilleryPlant No. 9 / Rostec
Soviet Union• Introduced: 196060 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index50.1
Main Armament122mm 2A18 rifled howitzer (maximum range 15.4 km / 21.9 km rocket-assisted)
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity65 km/h
Operational Range450 km
Protection & Armor27.1
Firepower & Gun74.3
Mobility & Range55.0
Digitization & BMS30.0
Active Protection (APS)60.0
BTR-80
#40
🇷🇺
Russia• Introduced: 198635 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index49.2
Main ArmamentKPVT 14.5mm heavy machine gun
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity80 km/h
Operational Range600 km
Protection & Armor46.0
Firepower & Gun52.9
Mobility & Range84.8
Digitization & BMS45.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0
M113 APC
#41
🇺🇸

M113 APC

LegacyapcBAE Systems
United States• Introduced: 196050 Export Operators
Ground Dominance Index48.3
Main ArmamentM2HB .50 caliber heavy machine gun
APS DefenseConventional Reactive Armor
Max Velocity67 km/h
Operational Range480 km
Protection & Armor48.0
Firepower & Gun48.0
Mobility & Range83.5
Digitization & BMS45.0
Active Protection (APS)25.0